Electrical apparatus for heating liquids



H. C. SANDERS. ELECTRICAL APPARATUS FOR HEATING u cums.

APPLICATION FILED JULY 27, 1920- Patented Nov. 8, 1921.

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ELECTRICAL APPARATUS FOR HEATING LIQUIDS.

APPLICATION FILED JULY 27,1920.

Patented Nov. 8, 1921.

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H. C. SANDERS.

ELECTRICAL APPARATUS FOR HEATING LIQUIDS.

APPLICAHON FILED JULY 27, 1920.

' 1,396,597, Patented Nov. 8, 1921.

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UNITED STATES PATENE" HAROLD CURTICE SANDERS,

or neu rons, Warns.

Application filed July 27, 1920.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, HAROLD Conrron SAN- nnus, a subject of the King of Englan residing at 34 Bridge street, Newport, in the county of Monmouth, lVales, whose postoiiicc address is 34 Bridge street, Newport, in the county of Monmouth, Wales, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Electrical Apparatus for Heating Liquids, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to electric heating apparatus of the kind in which liquids are heated by the transmission of the heat generated by an electric current passed through a bare resistance wire over and around which the liquid flows.

The present invention refers to an improved construction of such electric liquid heating apparatus in which the general arrangement of the apparatus is such as to provide that the heating coil is horizontally, disposed and connected from above by metallic plates in a container or body formed as an oblong basin comprising a trough, a reservoir, an inlet pipe discharging at the upper partof said reservoir, liquid outlets from said reservoir to the lower part of the trough and outlets from the trough around the outer sides and front of tie reservoir and at a. lower level than the discharge end of the inlet pipe. Furthermore, the apparatus is provided with means whereby the inflowing liquid will complete the electric circuit through the coil, the circuit being broken when the liquid supply is discontinued or reduced to a flow insufficient in quantity to absorb the heat units given oil by the element.

In the accompanying drawings,

Figure 1 is a half-sectional elevation of any improved electric heater;

Fig. 2 is a half-sectional and Fig. 3 is a vertical section taken on. the ine 8-3 in Fig. 1.

Fig. t is a view similar to Fig. 8 showing the means for automatically closing the elec )lan of same 7 'tric circuit through the heating coil.

Fig. 5 is plan of a modification of the heater shown in Figs. 1 to 3.

The same letters of reference where they Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Nov 8, 1921. Serial No. 399,367.

occur are used to denote the spending parts in all the drawings.

Referring first to Figs. 1 to 3z- The heater comprises two main parts a body A preferably molded in one piece from porcelain or the like, and a cover plate B secured to the body by means of screw studs C and nuts D, the studs 0 being molded in. screwed into, or otherwise aiiixed to the body.

The body A is made in the form of an oblong basin and comprises or contains a trough or channel a, a reservoir (4 and liquid outlet passages c around the outer ide and front surfaces of the reservoir and leading to a discharge spout at (H.

Passing through the back of the body are two screw-studs a connected outside the vessel by leads 0, to a suitable source of electricity and connected inside the vessel by metallic plates a with the heating coil E resting upon or near to the bottom of the trough or channel a.

' he rear of the discharge spout a? ered by a perforated wire plate I extends across the same or correhgures of the is cov which outlet from the passages (L2 and is connector to earth through a metallic plate F and bolt G, passing through an aperture A in the body A, and thence to any suitable place for cart-hing.

The body A is provided with a liquid inlet pipe H which extends upward through and discharges into the reservoir (1 at or near to the upper part thereof. The reservoir is connected with the trough by means of apertures (a in the lower part of said reservoir at or near the longitudinal center of the trough, and the trough or channel a discharges at its ends into the outlet passages a which are located at a level below that of the discharge from the inlet H to the reservoir. Consequently there is always a water trap in the vessel of the height of that from the outlet passages (4 below which traplevel the heating element E is located and is therefore'always immersed after liquid is once admitted to the apparatus.

The action ofthis part of the is as follows:

The liquid to be heated enters the vessel through the inlet H and discharges at the apparatus upper end thereof into the reservoir a thence it passes through the central apertures a into the lower part of the trough a containing the heating element E where it diverges and flows to the ends of the trough and rises and overflows along the outlet passages a which converge to the discharge spout (0 from whence the liquid flows after having discharged, through the earthed plate F, any electricity it may have taken up in its passage around the element E. It will be seen that the flow of the liquid is that best adapted to eflfect a rapid heating, namely it enters at the lower part of the apparatus and leaves at the upper part, passing in its passage completely along and over the heating element, i. 0., from the center to both of the ends of said element.

It will be observed that, with the apparatus as hereinbefore described the liquid supply and the electric current require to be separately operated, but to provide for the simultaneous action of both I have devised means whereby the infiowing water completes the electric circuit through the heating element.

This arrangement is shown in Fig. 4 wherein the liquid inlet H is fitted with a piston J carrying on its upper end a tray having a centrally disposed pipe K communicating with a central channel J passing through the piston J, and discharging into the tray at the upper part thereof, so that when liquid is once admitted thereto the tray will be always full.

Above the tray are the contacts of a switch, or a series of contact plates L insulated by air gaps as shown, and the rising tray K will, by immersion ofthe contacts or plates in the liquid, close the switch through the liquid and afterward will shortcircuit the plates by means of a metallic conductor K on the bottom of the tray. 7 1

To enable the liquid to pass to the reservoir a the lower part of the piston J is cut away longitudinally to provide longitudinal channels or ways J 2 through which the liquid will discharge over the top of the inlet pipe H into the reservoir a when the piston has risen sufficiently. The further rise of the piston will cause the tray K to complete the circuit through the contact plates L.

In the modification shown in Fig. 5 the heating apparatus is adapted to the threewire electricity supply system and liquid outlet passages not being necessary are dis pensed with. a

In this form two elements E'E are used, both connected to a middle wire terminal E and the trough a is located between the reservoir'a and the spout a the liquid rising in the trough and discharging direct therefrom through the gauze plate F to the spout a As before the discharge at a is below the level of the liquid inlet at H, and

Fig. 4L can be applied to this form of my in vention it so desired.

The principal advantages of my present construction are that the reservoir, for containing the water and the element immersed therein, is of compact form, and that the apparatus comprises but few parts which can be readily dismantled when repairs or re newals are required.

What is claimed as new is:

'1. An electric liquid heater comprising in combination a container formed as an oblong basin, atrough in said container, aheating element arranged horizontally in said trough, a reservoir in said container bounded by the wall of the trough and the body of the container, a liquid. inlet passing through the bottom of the container into the reservoir and discharging at the upper part of said reservoir, apertures in the lower part of the wall separatingthetrough and reservoir, and a liquid discharge outlet connected to said trough at a lower level than the discharge end of the liquid inlet with in the reservoir. 7 o 2. An electric liquid heater comprising in combination a container formedas an oblong basin, atrough in said container, aheating element arranged horizontally in said trough, a reservoir in said container bounded by the wall of the trough and the body of the container, a liquid inlet passing through the bottom of the container into the reser: voir and discharging at the upper part of said reservoir, apertures in the lower part 7 of the wall separating the trough and reservoir, liquid outlet passages or channels formed in the wall of the reservoir and eX- tending from the trough aroundthe outer sides and front of the reservoir and at a lower level than the discharge end of the liquid inlet within the reservoir, and a liqarranged horizontally in said trough so as to g be at all. times entirely immersed in the liquid to be heated, metallic plates connected to said heating element screw-studs passing 7 through the body of the container to which studs said plates are connected, a reservoir in said container bounded by the wall of the 7 trough and the body of the container, aliquid inlet'passing through the bottom of the container into the reservoir and discharging at the upper part of said reservoir, apertures in the lower part of the wall separating the trough and reservoir, and a liquid discharge outlet connected to said trough at a lower level than the discharge end of the liquid inlet within the reservoir.

4. An electric liquid heater comprising in combination a container formed as an oblong basin, a trough in said container, aheating element comprising a bare resistance wire arranged horizontally in said trough so as to be at all times entirely immersed in the liquid to be heated, metallic plates connected to said heating element, screw-studs passing through the body of the container to which stud said plates are connected, a res ervoir in said container bounded by the wall of the trough and the body of the container, a liquid inlet passing through the bottom of the container into the reservoir and 'dis charging at the upper part of said reser voir, apertures in the lower part of the wall separating the trough and reservoir, liquid outlet passages or channels formed in the wall of the reservoir and extending from the trough around the outer sides and front of the reservoir and at a lower level than the discharge end of the liquid inlet within the reservoir, and a liquid discharge outlet at the termination of said passages or channels. i

5. An electric liquid heater comprising in combination a container formed as an oblong basin, a troughinsaid container, aheating element arranged horizontally in said trough, a reservoir in said container bounded by the wall of the trough and the body of the container, a liquid inlet passing through the bottom of the container into the reservoir and discharging at the upper part of said reservoir, means connected, to the discharge end of the liquid inlet to cause the electrical circuit through the heating element to be closed primarily through the liquid, apertures in the lower part of the wall separating the trough and reservoir, and a liquid discharge outlet connected to said trough at a lower level than the discharge end of the liquid inlet within the reservoir.

6. An electric liquid heater comprising in combination a container formed as an oblong basin, a trough in said container, a heating element arranged horizontally in said trough, a reservoir in said container bounded by the wall of the trough and the body of the container, a liquid inlet passing through the bottom of the container into the reservoir and discharging at the upper part of said reservoir, means connected to the discharge end of the liquid inlet to cause the electrical. circuit through the heating element to be closed primarily through the liquid, a-pertures'in the lower part of the wall separating the trough and reservoir, liquid outlet passagesv 'or channels formed in the wall of the reservoir and extending from the trough around the outer sides and front of the reservoir and at a lower level than the discharge end of the liquid inlet within the reservoir, and a liquid discharge outlet at the termination of the said passages or channels.

7. An electric liquid heater comprising in combination a container formed as an oblong basin, a trough in said container, a heating element comprising a bare resistance wire arranged horizontally in said trough so as to be at all times entirely immersed in the liquid to be heated, metallic plates connected to said heating element, screwstuds passing through the body of the container to which studs said plate are connected, a reservoir in said container bounded by the wall of the trough and the body of the container, a liquid inlet passing through the bottom of the container into the reservoir and discharging at the upper part of said reservoir, means connected to the discharge end of the liquid inlet to cause the electrical circuit through the heating element to be closed primarily through the liquid, apertures in the lower part of the wall separating the trough and reservoir, and a liquid discharge outlet-connected to said trough at a lower level than the discharge end of the liquid inlet within the reservoir.

8. An electric liquid heater comprising in combination a container formed as an oblong basin, a trough in said container, a heating element comprising a bare resistance wire arranged horizontally in said trough so as to be at all times entirely immersed in the liquid to be heated, metallic plates connected to said heating element, screw-studs passing through the body of the container to which studs said plates are comiected, a reservoir in said container bounded by the wall of the trough and the body of the container, a liquid inlet passing through the bottom of the container into the reservoir and discharging at the upper part of said reservoir, means connected to the discharge end of the liquid inlet to cause the electrical circuit through the heating element to be closed primarily through the liquid, aperatures in the lower part of the wall separating the trough and reservoir liquid outlet passages or channels formed in the wall of the reservoir and extending from the trough around the outer sides and front of the reservoir and at a lower level than the dischargeend of the liquid inlet within the reservoir, and a liquid discharge outlet at the termination of said passages or channels. i

9. An electric liquid heater comprising in combination a container formed as an oblong basin, a trough in said container, a heating element arranged horizontally in said trough, a reservoir in said container bounded by the Wall of the trough and the body of the container, a liquid inlet passing through the bottom of the container into the reservoir and discharging at the upper part of said reservoir, a piston fitted in the discharge end of the liquid inlet, a central channel through said piston, a tray secured to said piston, a central pipe in said tray communicating with the channel in the piston, metallic contact plates in said tray, a series of contact plates located above said tray and in the electrical circuit with which contact plates the metallic plates in the tray make contact when in the raised position, apertures 'in the lower part of the wall separating thetrough and reservoir, and a liquid discharge outlet connected to said trough at a lower level than the discharge end of the liquid inlet within the reservoir,

10. An electric liquid heater comprising in combination a container formed as an oblong basin, a trough in said container, a heating element arranged horizontally in said trough, a reservoir in said container bounded by the wall of the trough and the body of the container, a liquid inlet passing through the bottom of the container into the reservoir and discharging at the upper part of said reservoir, a piston fitted in the discharge end of the liquid inlet, a central channel through said piston, a tray secured to said piston, a central pipe in said tray communicating with the channel in the pieton,metallic contactplates in said tray, a series of contact'plates located above said tray and in the electrical circuit with which contact plates the metallic plates in the tray make contact when in the raised position, apertures in the lower part of the wall separating the trough and reservoir, liquid outlet passages or channels formed in the wall of the reservoir and extending from the trough around the outer sides and front of the reservoir and at a lower level than the discharge end of the liquid inlet within the reservoir, and a liquid discharge outlet at the termination of the said passages or channels.

11. An electric liquid heater comprising in combination a container formed as an oblong basin, a trough in said container, a

heating element comprising a bare resist-.

ance wire arranged horizontally in said trough so as to beat all times entirely immersed in the liquid to be heated, metallic plates connected to. said heating element, screw-studs passing through the bodyof the container to which studs said plates are connected, a reservoir in sald container bounded by the wall of the trough and the body of the container, a liquid inlet passing through the bottom of the container into channel through said piston, a tray secured to sald piston, a central pipe in sald tray communicating with the channel in the piston, metallic contact plates in said tray, a series of contact plates located above said tray and in the electrical circuit with which contact plates the metallic plates in the tray make contact when in the raised position, apertures in the lower partof the wall separating the trough and reservoir, and a liquid discharge outlet connected to said trough at a lower levelthan the discharge end of the liquid inlet within the reservoir. I

12. An electric liquid heater comprising in combination a container formed as an oblong basin, a trough in said container, a heating element comprising a bare resist. ance wire arranged horizontally in said trough so as to be at all times entirely immersed in the liquid to be heated, metallic plates connected to. said heating element, screw-studs passing through the body of the container to which studs said plates are connected, a reservoir in said container bounded by the wall of the trough and the body of the container, a liquid inlet pass ing through the bottom of the container into the reservoir and discharging at the upper part of said reservoir, a piston iitted in the discharge end of the liquid inlet, a central channel through said piston, a tray secured to said piston, a central pipe in said tray communicating with the channel in the piston, metallic contact plates in said tray, a series of contact plates located above said tray and in the electrical circuit with which contactplates the metallioplates in the tray make contact when in the raised position, apertures in the lower part of the wallseparating the trough and reservoir, liquid outlet passages or channels formed in the wall of the reservoir and extending from the trough around the outer sides and front ofthe. reservoir and at a lower level than the'discharge end of the liquid inlet within the reservoir, anda liquid discharge outlet at the termination of said passages or channels.

18.An electric liquid heater comprising a container having an inlet and an outlet,"

ber open to'the inlet and having its bottom wall extending from a level belowthe inlet to a level above the'outlet, and an electric heating element arranged on the bottom of said chamber.

15. An electric liquid heater comprising a container formed to present a reservoir having an inlet a heating chamber open to the reservoir and having its bottom wall curving upwardly from an intermediate point, and an outlet channel communicating with the higher points of the chamber and leading to an outlet, and an electric heat- 10 ing element on the bottom of said chamber.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand in presence of two subscribing Witnesses this ninth day of July, 1920.

HAROLD OURTICE SANDERS.

Witnesses:

T. J. OsMAN, B. CORBY. 

